Military History Of Russia
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military history Military history is the study of armed conflict in the history of humanity, and its impact on the societies, cultures and economies thereof, as well as the resulting changes to local and international relationships. Professional historians norma ...
of the modern-day
Russian Federation Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
has antecedents involving
Kievan Rus' Kievan Rusʹ, also known as Kyivan Rusʹ ( orv, , Rusĭ, or , , ; Old Norse: ''Garðaríki''), was a state in Eastern and Northern Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century.John Channon & Robert Hudson, ''Penguin Historical Atlas of ...
and some of the Rus' principalities that succeeded it, the
Mongol invasion The Mongol invasions and conquests took place during the 13th and 14th centuries, creating history's largest contiguous empire: the Mongol Empire (1206- 1368), which by 1300 covered large parts of Eurasia. Historians regard the Mongol devastati ...
of the early 13th century, Russia's numerous wars against Turkey, against
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
,
Lithuania Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...
and
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...
, the
Seven Years' War The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) was a global conflict that involved most of the European Great Powers, and was fought primarily in Europe, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific. Other concurrent conflicts include the French and Indian War (1754 ...
, France (especially the
Napoleonic Wars The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fren ...
), and the
Crimean War The Crimean War, , was fought from October 1853 to February 1856 between Russia and an ultimately victorious alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom and Piedmont-Sardinia. Geopolitical causes of the war included the de ...
of 1853–1856. The 20th century saw defeat by Imperial Germany in
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
and an extremely costly victory over Nazi Germany in
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, as well as smaller military actions against breakaway provinces and Poland. During the
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
(1947 to 1990) the greatly enlarged military suppressed rebellions in Eastern Europe and became a nuclear superpower facing off against
NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
and the United States, as well as China after 1960. The post-Cold War
military history of the Russian Federation The military history of the Russian Federation began with the establishment of the Russian Armed Forces following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. This was followed by its engagements in post-Soviet conflicts, from Transdnester in 1992 onwar ...
itself began in 1991. Period surveys include: * the military history of
Kievan Rus' Kievan Rusʹ, also known as Kyivan Rusʹ ( orv, , Rusĭ, or , , ; Old Norse: ''Garðaríki''), was a state in Eastern and Northern Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century.John Channon & Robert Hudson, ''Penguin Historical Atlas of ...
and other states leading up to Muscovy (the
Grand Duchy of Moscow The Grand Duchy of Moscow, Muscovite Russia, Muscovite Rus' or Grand Principality of Moscow (russian: Великое княжество Московское, Velikoye knyazhestvo Moskovskoye; also known in English simply as Muscovy from the Lati ...
) * the
Tsardom of Russia The Tsardom of Russia or Tsardom of Rus' also externally referenced as the Tsardom of Muscovy, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of Tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter I i ...
*
Military history of the Russian Empire The military history of the Russian Empire encompasses the history of armed conflict in which the Russian Empire participated. This history stretches from its creation in 1721 by Peter the Great, until the Russian Revolution (1917), which led to ...
*
Military history of the Soviet Union The military history of the Soviet Union began in the days following the 1917 October Revolution that brought the Bolsheviks to power. In 1918 the new government formed the Red Army, which then defeated its various internal enemies in the Russian ...
*
Military history of the Russian Federation The military history of the Russian Federation began with the establishment of the Russian Armed Forces following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. This was followed by its engagements in post-Soviet conflicts, from Transdnester in 1992 onwar ...


See also

*
History of Russia The history of Russia begins with the histories of the East Slavs. The traditional start-date of specifically Russian history is the establishment of the Rus' people, Rus' state in the north in 862, ruled by Varangians. Staraya Ladoga and Veli ...
*
Foreign policy of the Russian Empire The foreign policy of the Russian Empire covers Russian foreign relations from their origins in the policies of the Tsardom of Russia (until 1721) down to the end of the Russian Empire in 1917. Under the system tsarist autocracy, the Emperors/Empr ...
*
Russo-Turkish wars The Russo-Turkish wars (or Ottoman–Russian wars) were a series of twelve wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 20th centuries. It was one of the longest series of military conflicts in European histo ...
*
Russia and the Middle East {{Short description, Relationships between Russia has relations with all of the countries of the Middle East. Historically it has been involved in numerous wars there, especially with Turkey and the Ottoman Empire, with Afghanistan, and recently in ...
*
Timeline of Russian history __NOTOC__ This is a timeline of Russian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Russia and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Russia. See also the list ...
*
Timeline of Russian innovation This timeline of Russian Innovation encompasses key events in the history of technology in Russia, from the Grand Duchy of Moscow up to the Russian Federation. The entries in this timeline fall into the following categories: * indigenous inven ...
*
List of wars involving Russia This is a list of wars and armed conflicts in and involving Russia and its predecessors in chronological order, from the 9th to the 21st century. The Russian military and troops of its predecessor states in Russia took part in a large number ...


Further reading

* Captivating History. ''The Eastern Front: A Captivating Guide to Soviet Union in World War 2, the Winter War, Siege of Leningrad, Operation Barbarossa and Battle of Stalingrad'' (2020
excerpt
* Dale, Robert. "Rats and Resentment: The Demobilization of the Red Army in Postwar Leningrad, 1945—50." ''Journal of Contemporary History'' 45.1 (2010): 113-133
online
* Davies, Brian L. "The Development of Russian Military Power 1453–1815." in Jeremy Black, ed., ''European Warfare 1453–1815'' (Macmillan Education UK, 1999) pp. 145–179. * De Madariaga, Isabel. ''Russia in the Age of Catherine the Great'' (2002).r, William C. ''Strategy and Power in Russia 1600-1914'' (1998
excerpts
* Daugherty III, Leo J. "'Through a Looking Glass': The United States Army Looks at the Red Army of Workers and Peasants 1919–1926." ''Journal of Slavic Military Studies'' 22.1 (2009): 125-142. * Dowling, Timothy. ''The Brusilov Offensive'' (Indiana UP, 2008). * Duffy, Christopher. ''Russia's Military Way to the West: Origins and Nature of Russian Military Power, 1700–1800'' (Routledge, 1981) * Fuller, Jr., William C. ''Strategy and Power in Russia, 1600–1914'' (1992) * Glantz, David M. and Jonathan M. House. ''When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler'' (UP of Kansas, 1995) * Hagen, Mark. ''Soldiers in the Proletarian Dictatorship'' (Cornell UP, 2019) on 1920s. * Harrison, Richard W. ''The Russian Way of War: Operational Art, 1904-1940'' (2001
excerpt
* Hartley, Janet M. ''Russia, 1762-1825: military power, the state, and the people'' (ABC-CLIO, 2008). * pp 63–91. * Kagan, Frederick, and Robin Higham, eds. ''The Military History of Tsarist Russia'' (2008
excerpts
* Keep, John. ''Soldiers of the Tsar: Army and Society in Russia, 1462–1874'' (Oxford UP, 1985). * LeDonne, John P. ''The Russian Empire and the World, 1700–1917: The Geopolitics of Expansion and Containment'' (Oxford UP, 1997) * LeDonne, John P. ''The Grand Strategy of the Russian Empire, 1650–1831'' (Oxford UP, 2004). * Lehrke, Jesse Paul. ''The transition to national armies in the former Soviet republics, 1988-2005'' (Routledge, 2013). * Lieven, Dominic. ''Russia Against Napoleon: The True Story of the Campaigns of War and Peace'' (2011). * Lincoln, W. Bruce. ''Passage Through Armageddon: The Russians in War and Revolution, 1914–1918'' (1986), popular history. * Lohr, Eric. "The Russian Army in World War I." ''Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History'' 17.3 (2016): 688-697
online
* Menning, Bruce W. "Russian military innovation in the second half of the eighteenth Century." ''War & Society'' (1984) 2#1 pp. 23–41
online
* Miner, Steven M. "Military Crisis and Social Change in Russian and Soviet History." in ''Soviet National Security Policy Under Perestroika'' (Routledge, 2021) pp. 29-46. * Overy, Richard. ''Russia's War'' (1998), on World War II * Paul, Michael C. “The Military Revolution in Russia, 1550–1682,” ''Journal of Military History'' 68#1 (January 2004), pp. 9–46. * Reese, Roger. ''The Soviet Military Experience: A History of the Soviet Army, 1917–1991'' (Routledge, 2000) * Riasanovsky, Nicholas V. and Mark D. Steinberg. ''A History of Russia'' (7th ed. 2004) 800 pages. * Roberts, Geoffrey. ''Stalin's Wars: From World War to Cold War, 1939-1953'' (2008
excerpt and text search
* Robinson, Paul. "A Study of Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich as Supreme Commander of the Russian Army, 1914–1915." ''Historian'' 75.3 (2013): 475-498. * Sanborn, Josh. "The mobilization of 1914 and the question of the Russian nation: A reexamination." ''Slavic Review'' 59.2 (2000): 267-289
online
* Sanborn, Joshua. "The genesis of Russian warlordism: Violence and governance during the First World War and the Civil War." ''Contemporary European History'' 19.3 (2010): 195-213. * Schimmelpenninck van der Oye, David, and Bruce Menning, eds. ''Reforming the Tsar's Army: Military Innovation in Imperial Russia from Peter the Great to the Revolution'' (Cambridge UP, 2004). scholarly essays * Sirotkina, Irina. "7. The Politics of Etiology: Shell Shock in the Russian Army, 1914–1918." in ''Madness and the mad in Russian culture'' (University of Toronto Press, 2016) pp. 117-129. * Steinberg, John W. "The military history of Romanov Russia." ''War & Society'' (2021): 1-14. * Steinberg, John W. et al. eds. ''The Russo-Japanese War in Global Perspective: World War Zero'' (Leiden: Brill, 2005). * Stoff, Laurie. "They Fought for Russia: Female Soldiers of the First World War." in ''A Soldier and A Woman: Sexual Integration in the Military'' (2000). * Stone, David. ''A Military History of Russia: From Ivan the Terrible to the War in Chechnya'' (2006
excerpts
* Stone, David R. ''The Russian Army in the Great War: The Eastern Front, 1914–1917'' (University Press of Kansas, 2015) * Stone, Norman. ''The Eastern Front 1914–1917'' (Scribner's, 1975). * Turner, Leonard Charles Frederick. "The Russian Mobilization in 1914." ''Journal of Contemporary History'' 3.1 (1968): 65-88. * Wildman, Allan K. ''The End of the Russian Imperial Army'' (Princeton University Press, 1980).


External links


"Russian Military History" a guide by Reina Pennington

Mark Conrad's Home Page - Russian Military History
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